Functionalism Sociology and Social Order - 1124 Words

The functionalist model of how society works has many limitations and few strengths.’’ Explain and also asses this view. By Sadhana sanba In the study of sociology, functionalist perspective is a view of society that focuses on the way various parts of society have functions and live in a ‘consensus’ that maintain the stability and social order of the whole. Functionalist model of how society works tends to focus to be an organized, stable, well integrated system , in which most members agree on basic values which is as called’ ‘value consensus’. However, functionalist theory alongside the other school of theories such as marrxism (conflict theory) and interactionism is criticized for having many limitsaitons of explaining thew social†¦show more content†¦Functional view of creating social order an important model of society ,has been criticized for its limitation on the fact that it serves only the selfish ambitions of the rich and powerful. As Durkhein believes t hat society is in its essence its moral codes . The rules and order, the degree competitiveness between people and governmental conducts help to cement and build social order he called them the mechanical and organic principles of solidarity .The description of ‘mechanical solidarity and ‘organic solidarity’ provides insides about the basic way of forming social order in society which in face Max Weber argues is more applicable and impliable only in the industrial complex societies and is criticized by Marx for disregarding the poor , economically weak and ‘proletariat’ as in his words, society. Hence, the phenomenon of ‘collective conscience’ and ‘value consensus’ the functionalist theory implies in one way or other inherently conservative that is focused only on a particular social theme. It does not consider that order and conflict exist side by side and as Marx says is achieved through the domination by the few over the many, and that domination is possible because it reflects the economic circumstances of the groups which is constantly unstable as it is based on equality and continuing conflict of interest between those who own the means of production and who don’t. In the same way interactionist view of howShow MoreRelatedCritical Theory, Functionalism And Symbolic Interactionism Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn sociology, there are three major theories; critical theory, functionalism and symbolic interactionism. These theories express the structure of society in which each theory looks at a different aspects of sociology. Sociologist s apply these theories in the study of society, but it becomes difficult if only one theory is applied. For that one applied theory, would only look at the aspect to which it is confined to. To successfully study sociology all three theories must be applied together. CriticalRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of An Individual And Their Own Behaviour And The Society1126 Words   |  5 PagesIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES   Sociology studies the lives of an individual and their own behaviour and the society they live in (A. Giddens 2006). There are theoretical perspectives used so that one understands an individual behaviour and the society they live in. The sociological perspectives study each behaviour and how it is linked to the whole society or how the society influence the individual rather. The society is a diverse body and different perspectives is used to understand how they are linkedRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective896 Words   |  4 Pages According to the University of North Carolina, â€Å"Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions† (http://sociology.unc.edu/undergraduate-program/sociology-major/what-is-sociology/). Sociology is science practiced by everyone in the world, whether they realize it or not. It is not only an incredibly important social science but also a beautiful art to study how society works. Now, an educated sociologist will realize that there are different perspective to view the world throughRead MoreA Sociological Theory Of Health And Illness1668 Words   |  7 Pagesideas that provide explanations about society and its structures. Functionalism and weberianism are most influential sociological theories about health and illness. With some similarities these theories have different ways to explain health and wellness. The essay will compare and contrast the two theories in terms of health and illness and shed light on the way these theories enhance the knowledge of health professionals. Functionalism is a macro theory that focuses upon different aspect of the sociologicalRead MoreExample Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1044 Words   |  5 Pages Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additionalRead MoreSociological Theories Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesSociological theory creates ways to understand the social world by having different theories to explain understand social life. It aids to make sense of this social world. It draws together a wide range of perspectives to help provide the fullest picture. (Macionis Plummer p.36) It shows that one theory can explain something that another cannot. My aim is to answer this question with reference to both functionalism and conflict theory. This will be done by comparing and contrasting both theoriesRead MoreS cience Which Deals With The Establishment And Development Of Human Societies Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesentities social such which are. But not as it should be, as well as, the study of societies should be considered analogous to the objects of the animated world. Is it history natural of them corporations human. 3.-the sociology can define is as the study scientific of the life group of them humans, since frequently is gives a use incorrect to them terms sociology and sociologist, would be worth the penalty mention here something of what not is sociology, as field of knowledge, the sociology not isRead MoreFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesFunctionalism and Marxism. A Critical Evaluation During the 18th and 19th centuries, political and industrial revolutions coupled with a philosophical movement which promoted a new scientific way of thinking (`The Enlightenment), heralded the advent of several new scientific disciplines. These social sciences attempted to explain the rapid and fundamental changes which were shattering traditional ways of life in Britain and Europe. Sociology emerged as one of these innovative areas and soughtRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Marxist and Functionalist Interpretations of Education in Society1582 Words   |  7 PagesCarrie-Anne Hall 05007672 Sociology Essay Compare and contrast the Marxist and functionalist interpretations of education in society. The role of education is to educate individuals within society and to prepare them for working life in the economy, also to integrate individuals and teach them the norms, values and roles within society. There are many different sociological theories that differ within the role of education within society that attempt to try and explain how society or aspectsRead MoreSociological Theories And The Structural Functional Theory1356 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as functionalism, it is a framework for building theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and solidarity. Important concepts in the perspective of functionalism include social structure, social functions, latent functions and manifest functions. A few examples of structural functional theory are in families, communities, religious organizations and certain rituals such as a handshaking give structure to our everyday lives. Functionalism is a

Egyptian Art vs. Sumerian Art Essay - 1165 Words

When comparing two forms of artwork, it may be quite difficult to tell them apart. And when those artworks are thousands upon thousands of years old, it certainly does not help the issue. When looking at both Egyptian and Sumerian art, there is certainly a resemblance to some degree. Both are from before our time, and both express the beliefs and culture of their respective lineage. But if you delve deeper, you can certainly start to see a difference. Egyptian art is known widely for its hieroglyphics, while Sumerian art may be seen as focusing more on the naturalistic views on the human form. Both these cultures deserve the utmost respect, for their artwork to survive through the millenniums as they have, we can only give credit†¦show more content†¦The Judgment of Hu-Nefer, shows Hu-Nefer being taken to get his heart weighed by the Feather of Truth (British Museum). If his heart is lighter than the feather, he is deemed worthy of seeing the God Osiris and thus presented be fore him and his ancestors. This artwork, and Egyptian culture for that matter, is based around the premise of the afterlife. Everything you do within this life will be judged when the time comes. Whether you are judged to move on to the afterlife, or be condemned for all eternity, is completely up to the gods themselves. The pyramids of Giza are perhaps even more well known than the Egyptians hieroglyphics. These wondrous structures are thought to be based around the culture of the dead. A paragraph from Emmet Johns The Pyramid Age describes these structures as such; â€Å".. from the point of view of orthodox chronology, are the mastaba-tombs [pyramids] replaced. Similar to those used in Egypt.. they were a preferred type of funerary structure..† ( Emmet John 45). Mastabas are flat roofed structures with sloping sides and are used as tombs within Ancient Egyptian. They were also the final resting place for most Egyptian people, and pyramids were used mainly for the wealthy or those that had some significance within the Egyptian culture. Pyramids are mastabas stacked onto one another, getting smaller as they reach the top. People have thought that the main reason for pyramids was simplyShow MoreRelatedHumanities Human Figure in Art Work Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesHumanism vs. Realism with Focus of Human Figure Artwork Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek Civilizations Throughout history the human figure has been demonstrated in Middle Eastern, Egyptian and Greek sculptures and paintings. Most of these artifacts tend to focus more on humanism than realism due to Rulers and Gods, geographical areas, resources and events thus, giving them the idea for the theme of the art they create. These are the reasons that might explain their commonalities or differencesRead MoreFinal Business Plan1230 Words   |  5 Pages| Art History MidtermStudy online at quizlet.com/_8m0yq | 1. | A Classical colonnade around a building or courtyard is called a | | peristyle | 2. | A half-column attached to a wall is called a/an | | Engaged column | 3. | A plain or decorated slab on a Doric frieze which alternates with the triglyphs is called the | | Metopes | 4. | A series or row of columns usually spanned by lintels is called a/an: | | Colonnade Read MoreArt History7818 Words   |  32 Pagescivilization • Domestic Architecture o Wigwam, Huts, Lean-tos o Native American Indians were considered Neolithic • Refined tools o Spears, Bows and Arrows • Domesticated Animals o Hallmark of luxury, stability, and permanence • Pottery Ââ€" clay art o Bowls and containers o Exquisite decoration • Aesthetics Ââ€" the love of beauty, the need for beauty o Separates man from the animals o Civilization #61607; Around 5,000BC #61607; Literacy • Writing and reading #61607; Urban Life • DivisionRead MoreJob Shadowing a Dentist3438 Words   |  14 Pagesmouth including the teeth, gums, and other tissues. Dentistry is absolutely essential for maintaining overall health and well-being. And, believe me, they can relieve the excruciating pain of a toothache. The art of dentistry has roots that are documented back to the time of the Sumerians around 5000 BC. Around this time, the common thought for most people was that tooth decay was the result of a tooth worm boring into and decimating the teeth (Pictorial Para 4). I suppose that made since backRead MoreEvolution of Accounting Thought6174 Words   |  25 Pagesto ‘counting’ or ‘tallying’, and keeping a record in terms of small physical objects, rather than to ‘accounting’ as the term is understand today. 1 Languages (script writings) started to appear in the 3 Millennium BC (early Bronze Age). Sumerian and Egyptian are among the first to have appeared. Picture writing systems are known to have existed as early as the 7th millennium BC (early Neolithic period). rd The parable of the talents in the bible indicates that people at the time of Christ wereRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pageseffective manner. To make that retrieval and access possible, managers need to employ successful management processes in order to create appropriate work environments. From the agrarian age to the information age, the science—or some would call it an art—of management has changed as dramatically as have libraries and information services. But in all that long history, it has never before been so important for organizations of all types to be responsive to changes in what their customers want and need

Administrative Justice Procedural Fairness

Question: Discuss about theAdministrative Justicefor Procedural Fairness. Answer: Introduction Administrative justice is a relatively new concept as compared to the traditional judicial adjudication of disputes. Administrative justice provided by administrative law institutions based upon the administrative law principles. Administrative law is a combination of fundamental values of justice delivery system such as rule of law, accountability, procedural fairness, better decision making.[1]At its core, administrative justice is a philosophy that in administrative decision making the rights and interests of individuals should be properly safeguarded.[2]James Galligan advised that the main object of administrative justice is to provide fair treatment to all persons in accordance with the procedure prescribed in statutory scheme, along with other sources. The basic notion of administrative justice is to apply authoritative standards accurately and not just in aggregate.[3] Administrative justice can be achieved if it is assessable, affordable and timely. An administrative justice system would fail in case it does not provide for a comprehensive system of judicial review, reasoned decisions, access to government held information, resourced ombudsman and commissioner of complaints, who possess power to review executive action.[4] This paper examines conceptualization of administrative justice to determine whether the procedural requirements of met in just, reasonable and fair manner. Judicial review has facilitated the notion of administrative justice by enabling the courts to access the validity of judicial decisions. How administrative justice should be conceptualized Overview Major components of administrative law in Australia is judicial review of the process of administrative decisions by courts, review of merits by administrative appeals tribunals and investigation of administrative actions by ombudsman or commissioners of complaints. These bodies were mostly established in the 1970s. Towards the end of the century the Australian constitution included Section 75(v), which confers jurisdiction on High Court to restrain commonwealth officers from exceeding their federal powers, by issuing writ of mandamus, prohibition and injunction, the provision guaranteed judicial review. The Kerr committees report in 1971envisaged the importance of external judicial and merits review agencies which safeguard the interests of the people affected by executive decision. The elements of the recommendations proposed by Kerr, Bland and Ellicot committee reports were implemented in three parliament enactments, first the Administrative Appeals tribunal Act, 1975 (Cwlth), second the Ombudsman Act, 1976 (Cwlth) and third the Administrative Decision (Judicial review) Act, 1977 (Cwlth), these legislation also conferred a right on the persons who were aggrieved by the executive decision, upon request,to written statement wherein reason for the decision would be mentioned.[5] Before the parliament enactments most of the administrative law decisions were influenced by the foundation of judicial review laid by common law on the basis of series of English courts decisions. Ridge vs. Baldwin[6] laid the application of the principles of natural justice on administrative decisions.[7] In Padfield vs. Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food[8] it was held that ministerial board discretions should be subject to administrative law review.[9]Enactment of Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act, 1975 led to a reform in administrative law, the decisionsgiven by the executive arm of the government which affected rights and privileges of citizens were reviewed by general tribunals, which was the first of its kind.[10] The judicial arm of the government then in alignment with the legislative reforms lay down by the parliament. The most prominent example of the same can be seen in R vs. Mackellar; Ex parte Ratu[11] where the court held that it is not mandatory to observe principles of doctrine of natural justice in case of deciding deportation of a person from Australia in case that person has exceeded the limit of stay as lay in the visitors visa. The judiciary would not formulate rules so as to ascertain whether a persons entry in Australia should be permitted or rejected.[12]The position changed in 1995 when the courts observed that in case of immigration the ministerial discretion would be restricted by the international treaties adopted by Australia.[13] Courts' development in principles and doctrines for the assessment of the lawfulness of executive decision making The Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act lay that it is the tribunals obligation was to reach at preferable and correct decision. The tribunal has to determine whether the decision rendered by an administrative body is correct and preferable in pursuance of the policy laid by the legislature, the tribunal does no hold authority to adjudicate upon the merits of the case. The function of the tribunal is to determine as to whether the decision rendered by the decision maker is correct or preferable on the basis of the material before it and not to determine whether the decision of the decision maker is one of the correct or preferable decisions on the basis of the materials available before it.[14] Authority of the tribunal is not limited to the review legal errors only; instead the tribunal has to address same questions which were addressed by the original decision maker, wh ere there is no statutory limit in the tribunal doing so. Tribunal has to test the decision against the requirements of good government, as it is acting as a government administration instrument.[15]The tribunal has to review the actual decision made by the decision maker and not the reasons for rendering that decision. The principle of natural justice as enunciated in Section 5(1)(a) of the Administrative Decision (Judicial review) Act is interpreted to include duty to inquire,[16] legitimate expectations of applicant, provided there is no estoppel in public law,[17] rational evidence must be present so as to ascertain proportionality,[18] as it is asserted that principles of natural justice should not only be confined to procedural matters as it would result in illusion of fairness, hence inquiry of, the consideration of material evidence also forms part of natural justice.[19]The doctrine of legitimate expectation is a part of procedural fairness, in modern courts.[20] Modern Approach - Substantive Outcomes and Quality of the Decision and the Facilitation of 'Administrative justice' Overview State theory lays the foundation of administrative theory. Reasoned decision and judicial review is the touchstones of Australian administrative law. Rule of law over administrative actions is enforced by judicial review. Introduction of Section 39B in Judiciary Act, 1903 andthe jurisdiction conferred upon Australian constitution under Section 75(v) and to the Supreme Court under Section 73(ii) ensures judicial review of administrative actions. Section 71 vests the high court with judicial power over the commonwealth. The power of the high court to hear appeals from Supreme Court ensures the position of high court as federal Supreme Court. Judicial review of administrative decisions can be done on the basis of jurisdictional error, non-compliance with the doctrine of procedural fairness or natural justice and in case of delivery of unreasonable decisions by taking into account irrational considerations. The three grounds for judicial review are discussed in detail below: Natural Justice Natural Justice is a common law doctrine, it possess two components, first right to be herd and second rule against bias and provides procedural safeguard against administrative decision making.[21]One aspect of natural justice is procedural fairness. In Kioa vs. West[22] referring to the judgment of Wiseman vs. Borneman[23]it was held that in the context of administrative justice it is duty of the decision makers to act fairly and to abide to the rule of procedural fairness. Procedural fairness requires that the procedure adopted by decision making body should be fair it is immaterial whether the outcome is fair or not.[24] The courts are required to determine whether the procedural fairness requirement has been met or not they do not have jurisdiction to cure administrative injustice.[25] Procedural fairness should be observed in cases where decisions affect the rights, interests and legitimate expectations of people. Failure to take into Account a Relevant Consideration Judicial review of the administrative decisions includes reviewing the decision on the basis of reasonableness. Legislature confers statutory discretionary power on administrative bodies, and this power is to be exercised reasonably. Unreasonable was defined as a decision which is so unreasonable that no reasonable decision maker could have ever arrived at it.[26]Unreasonableness depends upon the potential subjectivity of the merits of a case and the legality of the decision.[27]The decision maker has failed to take into account relevant consideration, may be used in a way to review merits of a case, these grounds can fairly be used where the statute has not prescribed a list of considerations which must be taken into account. This ground can possibly be taken only in circumstances where it can be shown before the court that the decision maker failed to take into account a reasonable consideration which he was obligated to take account of, from the matters placed before him, so as to enable him to exercise his discretionary decision making power in a valid manner.[28] Jurisdictional Error To determine jurisdictional error it is essential to understand the scope of power and authority held by decision making body. Jurisdictional error occurs when the administrative decision making body fails to fulfill its statutory duty, or the decision has been rendered by him without observing procedural fairness.[29]In Craig vs. South Australia[30] it was held that jurisdictional error would occur in case wherein an administrative tribunal falls into error of law which results in identification of a wrong issue, ignorance of relevant material and placing reliance on irrelevant material, or reach at erroneous or mistaken conclusion or exercise of power/authority is thereby affected in a way that it is exceeded. Has Administrative justice been Achieved? In legal parlance administrative justice includes procedural fairness, reasoned decision and judicial review. ADJR Act introduced a rational and simplified regime of judicial review. Federal courts and the state courts entrusted with the power to exercise federal jurisdiction have been into more principled relationship, to the extent of the statutory power and authorities entrusted upon them.[31] Australian exceptionalism is largely influenced by the consideration of separation of powers. The marks of the influence can be seen in the development of the principles of unreasonableness, jurisdictional error and rejection of proportionality as the grounds for judicial review.[32]The administrative councils advise and recommendations have enabled the shaping of administrative justice system as to what it is at present. The success of ombudsman can be endorsed to the individuals who were appointed to the office. Entrusting the jurisdiction of merits review on AAT is milestone in the admini strative adjudication as the part III of the constitution enabled the courts to review executive decision on legal error basis. Hence it can be rightly asserted that the objective of enactment of the parliament legislations governing administrative justice system on the recommendations laid by Kerr committee has been achieved. Conclusion Administrative justice cannot be achieved only by having appropriate rules, institutions and statutory standards. In practice administrative justice depends upon the culture reflected by ministers, statutory office holders, administrative review tribunals, departmental officers, and courts.[33] As discussed in the paper Administrative Justice can be achieved if it is affordable and accessible, codification of the common law principle of judicial review has led to positive development of administrative adjudication. As McMillan stated that the expectation of people to have high standards of government decision does not necessarily mean that the work of courts be increased, so as to secure the expectation reliance should be placed on tribunals, ombudsman, councils. Administrative justice is the key component of good governance, the concept of administrative justice is an ever changing component of the society which needs to be kept under constant surveillance. Bibliography Articles/Books/Reports Anthony Mason, Delivering administrative justice: looking back with pride, moving forward with concern (Paper presented at AIAL 2010 National Administrative Law Forum Conference, 22 July 2010) Andrew Edgar, Public and private interests in Australian administrative law (2013) 36(1) UNSW Law Journal, 202 Chief Justice Robert French, Administrative justice word in search of meaning (Paper presented at the Australian institute of administrative law annual conference national administrative law forum 2010, 22 July 2010). Dr. David Bennett, Balancing judicial review and merits review (Paper presented at Administrative Law Conference, 27 September 1999) Justice Deirdre O'Connor, Administrative decision- makers in Australia: the search for best practice (Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Administrative Justice, Quebec, 17 - 20 June 2001) Justice R S French, Administrative justice in Australian administrative law in Robin Creyke and John McMillan (eds), Administrative justice the core and the fringe (Australian institute of administrative law, 2000) 20 Kerrie OCallaghan and Michelle Howard, Promoting administrative justice: the correct and preferable decision and the role of government policy in the determination (2013) 32(1) University of Queensland Law Journal, 171 Matthew Groves, Administrative justice in Australian administrative law (2011) 66 The Australian Institute of Administrative Law 20 Matthew Groves, Exclusion of rules of natural justice (2013) 39(2) Monash University LawReview, 285 Mark A Robinson, Administrative law update (Paper presented at Public Sector In-House Counsel Seminar, Canberra, 28 August 2006) MRLL Kelly, Does the expansion of judicial review pose a threat to democratic governance? (Paper presented at the AIAL 2011 National Administrative Law Conference, Canberra, 22 July 2011) Note, The Australian scene: Federal or Commonwealth law (2007) 20(3) Canadian Journal of Administrative Law Practice, 241 Note, Reasonableness, proportionality and merits review (Paper presented at New South Wales Young Lawyers Public Law CLE Seminar, The Law Society, Sydney, 24 September 2008) Robin Creyke, Administrative justice - towards integrity in government (2007) 31 Melbourne University Law Review715-6 Robin Creyke and John McMillan, Administrative justice the concept emerges in Robin Creyke and John McMillan (eds), Administrative justice the core and the fringe (Australian institute of administrative law, 2000) 1 Cases Annetts vs. McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596 Associated Provisional Picture Houses Ltd vs. Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223 Attorney-General (NSW) vs.Quin(1990) 170 CLR 1 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal vs. Bond (1990) 170 CLR 321 Banks vs. Transport Regulation Board(1968) 119 CLR 222 Craig vs. South Australia (1995) 184 CLR 163 Drake vs. Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1979) 24 ALR 577 Kable vs. DPP (1996) 189 CLR 51 Kioa vs. West (1985) 159 CLR 550 MIEA vs.Kurtovic (1990) 21 FCR 19 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh(1995) 183 CLR 273 Padfield v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food [1968] AC 997 R vs. Mackellar; Ex parte Ratu (1977) 137 CLR 461 R vs. Toohey; Ex parte Northern Land Council(1981) 151 CLR 170 Re Becker and Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1977) ALD 158 Ridge vs. Baldwin [1964] AC 40 Salemi vs. Mackellar (No. 2)(1977) 137 CLR 396. Sean Investments vs. MacKellar (1981) 38 ALR 363 Shi vs. Migration Agents Registration Authority (2008) 248 ALR 390 Simsek vs. Macphee(1982) 148 CLR 636 SZBEL vs. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs(2006) 228 CLR 152 Teoh vs. MIEA (1994) 49 FCR 409 Wiseman vs. Borneman [1971] AC 297 Legislations Administrative Appeals tribunal Act, 1975 (Cwlth) Administrative Decision (Judicial review) Act, 1977 (Cwlth) Australian Constitution Judiciary Act, 1903 Ombudsman Act, 1976 (Cwlth) Other Sources Administrative Review Council, Scope of judicial reviewhttps://www.arc.ag.gov.au/Documents/Judicial+Review+21_3.pdf Australian Law Reform Commission, Procedural fairness: A common law duty, https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/common-law-duty Federal court of Australia, Natural justice or procedural fairness (4 September 2015) https://www.fedcourt.gov.au/digital-law-library/judges-speeches/justice-robertson/robertson-j-20150904 Politics and Public Administration Group, Parliament and administrative law, (7 November 2000) https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0001/01RP13 Salvos legal, Finding of fact and jurisdictional error (14 November, 2015) https://www.salvoslegal.com.au/resources/lecture_series_november_2015/findings_of_fact_and_jurisdictional_error_-_judge_justin_smith_sc.pdf UKAJI, Administrative justice - a primer for policymakers and those working in thesystem (9 September 2016) https://ukaji.org/2016/09/09/administrative-justice-a-primer-for-policymakers-and-those-working-in-the-system/

Reading is an interactive process Essay Example

Reading is an interactive process Essay Reading is an interactive process BY Jlopezl 0569 The quote When I am reading a book, whether wise or silly, it seems to me to be alive and talking to me, by Michel de Montaigne means that each book has a meaning and can relate to the reader in a way. Most authors can also relate to this quote. For example, Sherman Alexie, Maureen Corrigan, Anna Quindlen, and Gwendolyn Brooks saw reading as love, companionship, and a way of life. This shows that reading can be an interactive process. Author Sherman Alexie says his father loved to read. Since he loved his father with such devotion, he decided to love reading as well. He was young when he realized what a paragraph was. He understood a paragraph as a fence that held words together for a common purpose. For example, his family was a fence, his school was a fence, and even the world had different fences. Sherman says that he would read at night, at recess, and when his family would travel. When he read it was like he was trying to save his life. Now he is a writer that tries to help other people save their ives as well. Maureen Corrigan says that she was a really shy kid. She says that reading offered her companionship and an escape. As well as Sherman, she wanted to be like her father, who loved reading. She says that people can get a glimpse of different experiences and their world can be enlarged. While other kids were learning to sound out words in class, she was reading ahead of her classroom books. Anna Quindlen also has her own points of view. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading is an interactive process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reading is an interactive process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reading is an interactive process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When she was small, she had always sensed that she should be somewhere else. She decided to go places through books. She went to England in the book Middlemarch and A Little Princess. She also went to houses with high ceilings and dramatic scenes. It was like a place she lived in, and it felt real to her. Anna learned who she was, what she liked, and what she dreamed about. Reading is her own world, where she can happily live. The passage To Young Readers, by Gwendolyn Brooks says that books are like bandages. These bandages help heal and create new types of feelings that bring the eaders into the light and away from the dark. She also says that readers are nourished guest. They read a book and get Juicy details and experiences. Then the reader moves on to the next book, and so on. Reading gives the reader a chill making them wonder what will happen next in the story. It also makes them feel like they are living in their characters lives as if it is also a part of their own. Everyone relates to books in different ways, but that doesnt stop people from enjoying them.

Mechanisms of Response essays

Mechanisms of Response essays The human body is built with its own immunity system. It provides defenses against foreign objects in the body and prevents disease. Specific diseases have a specific reaction- the immune system has a mechanism of response for each particular foreign substances. A foreign molecule that draws specific response lymphocytes is called an antigen; antigens are the molecules that are rejected by the body. Antigens are inclusive of molecules that belong to viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasitic worms. However, antigenic molecules can also be found on the surfaces of foreign materials such as pollen and transplanted tissue (as in the situation of a skin graft.) A skin graft is a patch of skin that is surgically removed from one part of the body and transplanted to another. It replaces tissue that has been destroyed or creates new tissue where none exists. One way that an antigen begins an immune response is by activating B cells to secrete proteins called antibodies. The term antigen is a contraction of anti-body-generator. Each antigen has a particular molecular shape and stimulates certain B cells to secrete antibodies that interact specifically with it. In fact, B and T lymphocytes even distinguish among antigens with molecular shape s that are only slightly different. So, in contrast to the nonspecific defenses, the immune system targets specific invaders. B cells and T cells can recognize specific antigens by their plasma membrane-bound antigen receptors. On B cells, these are actually transmembrane versions of antibody molecules and are often referred to as membrane antibodies. The antigen receptors on a T cell, called T cell receptors, are structurally related to membrane antibodies, and they recognize antigens just as specifically; contrary to antibodies, T cell receptors are never produced in a secreted form. Just one T or B cell can hold about 100,000 receptors for antigen, all with exactly the same specificity...

The Phonogram WH

The Phonogram WH The Phonogram WH The Phonogram WH By Maeve Maddox A reader commenting on Wile vs While wrote: Modern speakers and writers have a problem with W words such as while and wile (another example: whale, wale, and wail) because there is no longer a distinction made between the way wh and w are pronounced. Not all American speakers distinguish between the sounds of whine and wine, but many still do. There are advantages to teaching the distinction, even in regions where the difference has been lost in the local dialect. Wh represents the sound one makes when blowing out a candle: [wh]. The number of English words that begin with wh is not large, and even speakers who distinguish between the initial sounds of Wales and whales do not pronounce wh as [wh] in every word that begins with the wh spelling. For speakers of dialects that still distinguish between the pronunciation of which and witch, the following words begin with the aspirated sound [wh]: whack whale wharf what wheat wheel wheeze when where whet whether which whiff Whig while whim whimper whip whirl whisk whisker whisky whisper whit white whoop why In the following words, the spelling wh represents the sound [h]. who whom whole whose wholly whore What linguists call the â€Å"wine-whine merger† is no doubt destined to prevail in the United States. Nevertheless, teaching the aspirated sound of wh is an aid to spelling mastery. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageWhat is Dative Case?50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Health and Safety Legislation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Health and Safety Legislation - Research Paper Example Regardless of the number of employees, all industrial operations have to be monitored by appropriate strategies and procedures. Nature of work is a significant factor that determines the range of health and safety measures required in the industry. Whenever high-risk factors are identified, an employer has to seek the advice and permit of the responsible manager regarding the required precautions. This permit to work practice is mandatory when an employee gets into an unusual and risky job. Besides permit to work, there are some more obligatory safety measures such as isolation, monitoring equipment and protective clothing and equipment that may control or prevent risks in the workplace. According to Hughese & Ferrett (2005 p.82), the permit to work procedure is a specialized type of safe system of work for ensuring that potentially very dangerous work is done safely. In fact, this is written consent from a responsible person which ensures that adequate precautions have been taken to avoid or control risk. The authorized individual usually considers certain factors before issuing a permit like the nature of work, equipment involved in the work, the ability of the authorized worker, and if he needs training, possible hazards and the steps taken to overtake them (Hughese & Ferrett p.83). Most of the industrial accidents are the result of negligence and paucity of awareness about the risk factors and safety measures. Industrial operations require a permit when there is a chance of any of the following or similar risks; mechanical or natural toxic, electric shock, fall from a height, radiation, suffocation, chemical exposure, explosion, inflammable substances etc. Howeve r, according to the Guidelines on Permit to Work Systems (Jan.1993), simply a permit does not reduce risk; instead, it is an essential part of a system which determines how that work can be carried out safely.

Profit Implications of Malware Annotated Bibliography

Profit Implications of Malware - Annotated Bibliography Example A computer worm refers to a self-replicating computer program. It relies on computer network to send copies of itself to other computers on the network in an automatic manner. Worms are known to exploit a zero-day vulnerability that allows them to execute their copies within the same network (Effects of Malware Infections: Avoid the Dangers of Malware Programs ). There are several types of worms these are: The internet Relay Chat worms that exploit the Internet Relay Chat (IRS) unlike the Instant messenger worm that exploit the IM channel. The web or internet worm spreads via user access to a web page, file transfer protocol or by use of other internet sources. We also have the file-sharing (Peer-to-peer) worm that copies itself into a shared folder, it then use its peer-to-peer mechanism to make its existence known with the hope that a user will download it. As for the flash form these refers to the theoretical worms that spread within seconds upon activation to all vulnerable hosts on the internet. A Trojan horse is a non-self-replicating type of malware that tends to perform normal beneficial functions for the user though it facilitates unauthorized access to the user’s computer system. Recently Trojan horse is released as payloads by computer worms that give the attackers full control of the victims’ personal computer (Effects of Malware Infections: Avoid the Dangers of Malware Programs ). There are several factors that make Trojans dangerous, first of all Trojans are not visible in the traditional process viewer. including windows and task managers, this coupled with the fact that most virus and Trojan scanners find it difficult detecting the Trojan code. Also the Trojan code is very difficult to unload hence making it hard cleaning it. The most common type of Trojan is the proxy Trojan that once it attacks the victims computer it turns it into a proxy server (Zombie) which then operates on behalf of the remote attacker. This makes it even more difficult traci ng the attack to the attacker as the trail often leads to the victim in most cases. A rootkit is a software system that is composed of several of one or more computer programs that are designed to hide the fact that a computer system has been compromised. Usually an attacker

Alcoholic Beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Beverage Essay Alcoholism is a chronic problem that includes difficulty in controlling drinking, having to drink consistently to get physical independence, being preoccupied with alcohol, and continually using alcohol regardless of problems it causes (Brick, 2004). Alcohol should not be legal in U. S. because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. Alcohol drinking is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug addiction and drug abuse. Alcoholism is a worldwide problem that affects many people. Drinking alcohol has negative short and long term effects. Alcoholism has been associated with adverse effects on health, family, community, and education (Marshall, 2000). However, the effects on a person depends on particular factors such as how often and how much alcohol is taken, a person’s age, gender, when a person begun drinking and how long they have been drinking, their health, and family history (Begleiter amp; Kissin, 1996). It is in this regard that alcohol should not be legal in the United States. Alcohol is addictive, and people become addicts end up spending a lot of money on alcohol. It means that when they spend all the money they have on alcohol, they forget their families, and are not able to support the community in anyway. Some resort to stealing to sustain their drinking habit. Alcohol addicts sometimes engage in robbery acts to get the money for drinks. Community becomes at risk of destruction with excessive alcohol consumption allowed. When many people engage in excessive consumption of alcohol, education becomes at risk. People drop out of school, and illiteracy level increase in the community. In addition, the progress and development of any community depends on the health of its people. Therefore, when alcohol puts the health of its members at risk, community suffers in the long run. Alcohol affects both female and male differently. Men who consume alcohol, daily have an increased risk of health risks. Such men can experience cancer and heart disease in the long-term and low energy to sexual difficulties in the short-term (Brick, 2004). Men are more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis, and have higher chances of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. Nearly 26. 6% of deaths among men of between 16 and 24 years old can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Men tend to be more dependent of alcohol (Marshall, 2000). Drinking too much alcohol damages a person’s body organs such as liver, brain, stomach, heart,and intestines. Brain is adversely affected because the brain cells die leading to loss of memory, learning difficulties, brain disorders, confusion, and problems with attention (Blane amp; Leonard, 1999). Liver is highly affected because of the great possibility of developing cancer in the liver, throat and mouth. The stomach may also acquire ulcers. Long-term drinking has also been linked to stroke and heart failure. The nervous system can also experience damage leading to behavioral and physical problems (Dasgupta, 2011). These problems affect health, family, community, and education in the long-term because of expenses associated with alcohol consumption, and possible treatment measures. Alcohol poses many effects on the body such as fertility. It reduces levels of testosterone. As a result, it could decline sperm quantity and quality, and lead to loss of libido. Alcohol is toxic to the testicles, and affects hormones. It could hamper production of sperms, hinder them from developing properly, and slow their movement towards the egg. Alcohol can also limit the liver from metabolizing vitamin A properly. It also depresses the nervous system, and could result in difficulty in getting and keeping erection (Peters, 2008). Many young adults do not realize that alcohol has a fattening effect. Alcohol can reduce the amount of fat that the body burns for energy. The human body makes several attempts to eliminate alcohol 1 / 3 very fast as it cannot remain in the body for storage. The process takes priority over nutrient absorption and burning of fat. In the long-term, there could be a serious damage in the appearance. Other effects include loss of hair in the body, breast enlargement, and withering of testicles (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol has also been associated with worsening of skin disorders such as rosacae. Rosacae skin disorder is responsible for expansion of blood vessels in the face making it redder. Heavy drinking can cause the appearance of pus spots and red bumps. It has also been linked to inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints. The effect is common among men of between 30 and 60 years old (Hannigan, Spear, Spear amp; Goodlett, 1999). As mentioned earlier, heavy drinking increases the chances of heart disease, liver damage, bone disease, cancer, anxiety and depression, and type II diabetes. Heavy consumption of alcohol also caused inflammation on the pancreas and irritates stomach. These effects indirectly affect family, community and education (Peters, 2008). Women are not safe from alcohol either. The body of women takes much time to process alcohol compared to men. Women feel more effects of alcohol than men even when they drink the same amount. The fertility of women is at risk with heavy consumption of alcohol. Women are high risk of acquiring breast cancer, and adverse impacts of the menopause. Women are advised in several studies to avoid alcohol when trying to have a baby. Alcohol disrupts menstrual cycle in women, and limits their chances of conceiving. These are bad effects on the body, and not good for family and community in general. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States (Hannigan, Spear, Spear amp; Goodlett, 1999). While drinking less alcohol may make one look good, heavy consumption causes bad skin, tired eyes, and weight gain for both female and male. It also interferes with people’s sleep. Heavy consumers of alcohol often wake up and feel like they have not had enough rest. Alcohol dehydrates the body and skin. It deprives the skin of certain vital nutrients and vitamins. Hence, it is not good for health. Alcohol is also responsible for much divorce among couples due to fights in the family, and lack of finances for family upkeep (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol is depressant. It means that alcohol calms people down, and slows down some body organs. With only 0. 05% level of blood-alcohol, a person begins getting dulled judgment, and his or her inhibitions get released. They then become clumsy and start having slurred speech with only a 0. 10% blood-alcohol level. At 0. 30% level of blood-alcohol, one nearly becomes unconscious. Any addition after that becomes extremely dangerous since at 0. 45%, one can get into a coma. Brain shuts down from 0. 70% and stop controlling the heart, breathing, and one may end up dead. Other short-term effects include blurred vision, blackouts and insomnia. These can lead to injuries, accidents, and even death. Drinking alcohol also causes hangover in the next morning, which is associated with nausea, headaches, heartburn, fatigue, thirst, and dizziness. There are many side effects of alcohol (Peters, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, consumption of alcohol should be reconsidered in U. S because of its adverse effects on health, family, community, and education. Alcohol should only be taken when necessary. The side effects are adverse and continue to destroy people across the world. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. References Begleiter, H. , amp; Kissin, B. (1996). The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press. Blane, H. T. , amp; Leonard, K. E. (1999). Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York [u. a. : Guilford Press. Brick, J. (2004). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. New York: Haworth Press. Dasgupta, A. (2011).

Platos Repulic, book V Essay -- essays research papers fc

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the viability of certain aspects (the sex lottery) of Plato's Republic, book V. It is college level 'A' paper. Book V of The Republic finds Socrates explaining the practical details necessary in the creation of an ideal polis. He proposes a system for population control and human eugenics based on a lottery of sorts which will determine who will mate with whom and when. The lottery is â€Å"rigged† by the rulers in order that the best of the â€Å"herd† will mate much more frequently than others. However, only the rulers of this society will know the lottery is rigged. This system will presumably assure that children will be conceived as the result of reason, not irrational behaviors such as love or lust, and will produce the best possible future generations (Plato 458d – 460c). I argue that Plato’s lottery would not have worked in his time, nor would it work now because the desire to propagate was and still is a human instinct propelled by passion, not something that can simply be reasoned away. While Plato proposed that licentiousness would be forbidden and matrimony given the highest degree of sanctity (458e), I do not think that would be enough to stop a massive rise in sex crimes and passionate affairs. Instead of a just society, Plato’s proposal would have created one of fear, self-doubt and lack of trust in the government and is not something I would advocate implementing. While we can never really know how this utopia would have â€Å"played out† in Plato’s time, the negative effects on a society when passions are forcibly controlled can be illustrated in a modern sense by the Catholic Church and our penal system. Plato wrote that guardians would be â€Å"drawn together by a necessity of their natures to have intercourse† (458d) and yet, their sexual interludes should be limited by the use of the lottery. It is important to point out that since reliable and accessible birth control is a recent luxury, Plato was not simply advocating for selective child birth, he was talking about abstaining from heterosexual sex unless you â€Å"won† the lottery. I don’t think Plato’s lottery system would have worked out as well as he envisioned. When the less desirable of the population were consistently â€Å"unlucky† and unable to propagate year after year, what would have happened to them psychologically? Given that copulation was to be an honor bestowed upon... ...or other punishments. Whether restraint of sexual instincts are willingly accepted or forced upon a community, the results can lead to a decidedly non-ideal situation. By looking at some modern examples, I have shown how human desire can, and often does, override reason and the law even when faced with community imposed consequences or dire punishments. While current society differs greatly from Plato’s Greece, people are still people and human instinct existed then just as it exists today. People who are denied the ability to choose if and with whom they can have sex are liable to become irrational or turn to violent means to reach that end, regardless of the era in which they live. In Plato’s ideal society these unsanctioned actions could have lead to an increased level in the public’s fear for their physical safety. Individuals consistently denied by the rulers to copulate might develop self-worth issues and finally, a pin-prick of imperfection in this utopian society may be discovered by those who are forbidden from enjoying physical relations with those they desire or love. Works Cited Plato, The Republic. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2004.

Analysis of the Text “the Time-Sweepers” by Ursula Wills-Jones

Analysis of the text â€Å"The Time-Sweepers† By Ursula Wills-Jones The following short story is about time-sweepers and lost time. They are people who sweep up all the time that is lost or wasted. They are invisible, but sometimes they can be noticed. They carry a broom, a mop and a big dustpun. The time-sweepers are hard-working. They work every day and are never sick. The lost and wasted time is packed and recycled.But not every type of time can be recycled, the most poisoned time is buried in a tank underneath a disused army base. The rest of the time can be sold to the people who need it or distributed to good causes or emergency situations. The full text is built on the conflict between people who waste time and people who sweep up all the time that is lost and wasted. Ursula Wills-Jones idealizes the time-sweepers and ridicules people.The author uses the stylistic device of climax in order to describe different types of time wasting: the man who has waited so long to pr opose to his girlfriend; the woman who has spent thirty-five loathed years in an estate agents, dreaming of opening a florists. The author refers to the stylistic device of hyperbole in order to laugh at the people who waste time: the time-sweeper will pass straight by the desk of the woman who is reading a holiday catalogue under the desk, poring over photos of tropical beaches.They will pass by the next desk, where a man is enjoyably wondering what his mother-in-law looks like naked, and stop by the desk of the young man who is counting every minute, and loathing the hours. The author creates a constant presence of time sweepers. The reader feels that they are everywhere: in the railway station, in the office, at your desk. The time-sweepers are hard-working; they don’t like to rest because there is so mush wasted time after holidays: it takes them around three weeks to resume normal service†¦

Importance of Handwash

Image description. Better Health Channel logo End of image description. Handwashing – why it's important A  number  of  infectious  diseases  can  be  spread  from  one  person  to  another  by  contaminated  hands, particularly  gastrointestinal  infections,  influenza  and  hepatitis  A. Washing  your  hands  properly  can help  prevent  the  spread  of  the  organisms  that  cause  these  diseases. Some  forms  of  gastroenteritis  can  cause  serious  complications,  especially  for  young  children,  the elderly,  or  those  with  a  weakened  immune  system. Drying  your  hands  properly  is  as  important  as washing  them.Ima ge des crip When to wash your hands You  should  wash  your  hands  thoroughly: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Before  preparing  food Before  eating Between  handlin g  raw  and  cooked  or  ready-to-eat  food After  going  to  the  toilet  or  changing  nappies After  smoking After  using  a  tissue  or  handkerchief After  handling  rubbish  or  working  in  the  garden After  handling  animals After  attending  to  sick  children  or  other  family  members. How to wash your hands properly To  wash  hands  properly: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Wet  your  hands  with  warm  water.Apply  one  dose  of  liquid  soap  and  lather  (wash)  well  for  15–20  seconds  (or  longer  if  the dirt  is  ingrained). Rub  hands  together  rapidly  across  all  surfaces  of  your  hands  and  wrists  to  he lp  remove  dirt and  germs. Don’t  forget  the  backs  of  your  hands,  your  wrists,  between  your  fingersà ‚  and  under  your fingernails. If  possible,  remove  rings  and  watches  before  you  wash  your  hands,  or  ensure  you  move the  rings  to  wash  under  them,  as  microorganisms  can  exist  under  them. Rinse  well  under  running  water  and  make  sure  all  traces  of  soap  are  removed,  as  residues may  cause  irritation.Pat  your  hands  dry  using  paper  towels  (or  single-use  cloth  towels). Make  sure  your  hands are  thoroughly  dry. Dry  under  any  rings  you  wear,  as  they  can  be  a  source  of  future  contamination  if  they remain  moist. Hot  air  driers  can  be  used  but,  again,  you  should  ensure  your  hands  are  thoroughly  dry. At  home,  give  each  family  member  their  own  towel  and  wash  the  towels  often. Handwashing  Ã ¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  why  it's  important Page  1  of  4 How  to  wash  and  dry  hands  with  liquid  soap  and  water  (Click  to  open  larger  image) Use warm waterCold  water  is  better  than  no  water  at  all  for  a  one-off  hand  wash,  but  should  not  be  used  for routine  handwashing. Soap  lathers  (soaps  up)  better  with  warm  water. The  active  ingredients  on the  surface  of  the  soap  are  released  more  easily,  making  them  more  effective  in  cleaning  your hands  of  dirt,  grease  and  oils,  without  stripping  away  the  natural  oils  in  your  skin. Using  cold  or  hot water  can  also  damage  the  skin’s  natural  oils. Over  time,  this  can  cause  dermatitis. Soap is important Soap  contains  ingredients  that  will  help  to: †¢ †¢ à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Loosen  dirt  on  your  hands.Soften  water,  making  it  easier  to  lather  the  soap  over  your  hands. Rinse  your  hands,  leaving  no  residues  to  irritate  and  dry  your  skin. Soaps  can  have  different  pH  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  they  may  be  neutral,  slightly  alkaline  or  slightly  acidic. That’s  why some  soaps  irritate  some  people  and  not  others. Perfumes  in  soap  can  be  another  reason  why some  people  have  skin  reactions. Liquid soap is best Handwashing  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  why  it's  important Page  2  of  4 Generally,  it  is  better  to  use  liquid  soap  than  bar  soap,  particularly  at  work.The  benefits  of  liquid soap  include: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Hygiene  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  it  is  less  likely  to  be  contaminated. Right amount  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  liquid  soap   dispensers  do  not  dispense  more  than  required  (more  is  not better). Less waste  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  it’s  easier  to  use,  with  less  wastage. Drop-in  cassette  dispensers  use  all  the soap. Saves time  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  liquid  soap  dispensers  are  easy  and  efficient  to  use. Disposable  liquid  soap  cassettes  are  convenient,  as  you  do  not  have  to  wash  and  thoroughly  dry the  refillable  container  before  refilling. If  you  want  to  use  refillable  cont

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Acid Anhydride Definition - Chemistry Glossary Acid Anhydride Definition: An acid anhydride is a nonmetal oxide which reacts with water to form an acidic solution. In organic chemistry, an acid anhydride is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups joined together by an oxygen atom. Acid anhydride also refers to compounds containing the acid anhydride functional group. Acid anhydrides are named from the acids that created them. The acid part of the name is replaced with anhydride. For example, the acid anhydride formed from acetic acid would be acetic anhydride. Sources IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (2006).Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2000). Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. Worth Publishing: New York. ISBN 1-57259-153-6.Panico R., Powell W.H., Richer J.C., eds. (1993). Recommendation R-5.7.7. A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. IUPAC/Blackwell Science. pp. 123–25. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.

Writing a Good Biology Research Paper

Writing a Good Biology Research Paper Biology research papers can be very challenging for many students. Biology is such a broad field and the range of topics for research papers is vast. Biology research papers are not the hardest scientific papers to write but they do take time. There are many sources available for your biology research papers. Actual sources are needed because you cannot use your thoughts or feelings in your biology research paper. You need to answer a scientific question or hypothesis supported by material found from texts, experiments, and journals. Essentially a biology research paper would be based on some form of plant or animal life. A more basic biology research paper would discuss some basic concepts found in science. Questions can be answered on mitosis, meiosis, explain experiments you conducted in class, investigate the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, investigate cell division, describe single cell life forms and how they evolved into multiple cell life forms, discuss Darwin and the evolution theory. There are many topics. It is a matter of finding one that interests you. Supporting material can come from books, textbooks, scientific journals, class notes, experiments conducted even some online sources. Illustrations and graphics can also help to present information that is difficult to explain in words. Many people respond better to pictures as means of illustration. Graphs and graphics can help cement a point to your audience. Assigned to write a research paper? Here is a great  guide to the research paper writing: How to Write a Research Paper It is important that you understand the assignment given before you choose your biology research paper topic. There are often specific guidelines and questions that must be answered completely independent of the chosen topic. Plan your biology research paper, make sure the structure is correct and that you have access to the appropriate amount of supporting material. The most important rule, try not to procrastinate! A biology research paper that is written at the last minute does not have the content or supporting materials to be rewarded with a good mark. Biology research papers take some time so don’t leave it to the last minute. Contact our support team if you have questions or need assistance in writing your research paper in biology or place an order.

Gun Control Laws and Violent Crime Rates do not Correlate Research Paper

Gun Control Laws and Violent Crime Rates do not Correlate - Research Paper Example Global evidences have long been presented as reason of the statement, â€Å"more guns mean more deaths†. Countries like Britain, where gun control laws are implemented, violent crime rates are low. Unluckily, this notion is not true to all countries. In fact, the United State’s crime violence rates intensified throughout 1980s and 1990s. After the undertaken assassination of President Reagan, gun control bill became the agenda of the Congress. Further, Brady Law decrees a period of 72 hours of waiting to buy handguns and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which bans the production, sale, or ownership of 19 types of semi-automatic weapons. The justification of gun control consists of arguments that ownership or availability of guns is correlated with high violence rates. Thus, gun control laws would be the solution in reducing crimes. This resulted to serious debates.

Captain James Cook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain James Cook - Research Paper Example According to the "Captain James Cook" findings, born in 1728 and killed at the age of 50 during his third voyage to the island of Hawaii, Cook is a symbol of bravery and is a part of the heritage in those countries to which he discovered the ways of contact. He was not the one who intended to rule everywhere he went, either by hook or crook; rather, he left a legacy of wisdom and knowledge. He traveled in the vast Pacific ocean, developing routes for trade and to explore a new world and new people. His mapping was full of skill and exact up to the extent no one of those times could reach. The greatest contribution from him that was never done is that he noticed and recorded the geographical features of the places he visited (Beales 2006). Cook contributed to the world in many ways. He used astrology and its effects on oceans and making of tides for his own purposes of sailing. In the year 1776, he was assigned his first voyage to record the transit of Venus across the Pacific Ocean. He arrived at Tahiti in the year of 1769, where he observed the transitional period of Venus and completed his first task. Then he sailed towards the south to the coast of Australia and used his powerful mapping techniques to draw the coastline of New Zealand prior to his voyage. He was as good in describing the entire voyage and the places as in mapping. Thus, he recorded the culture and skin of the people living in certain areas along with the geographical features of the land. It is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide.... Cook definitely exerted extreme influence upon perceiving and understanding the modern world. His contributions towards geography, astronomy, mapping and navigation are a mild stone for explorers of all times. He played his part in discovering all those parts of the world which constitute a total of about one-third of it. His navigation skills were so perfect that even in the 20th century his maps were used as a guidance tool. Also his charts of coastlines were used to understand the geography of the places which can be of extreme help in order to study anthropology of a certain area. Several design and tactics used by the people of other places were introduced to the rest of the world, like tattoos from New Zealand that came into favor after Cook had set foot on the island. Also, it is from his experience that chronograph is now used worldwide as a device for measuring the speed with respect to distance. During his second voyage, he was about to reach the Antarctica from the south, but he has to provide his crew with new supply, therefore, he moved towards Tahiti again. But this journey opened queries regarding the end of the world or more land masses in the Pacific Ocean (James Cook 2011). Indeed, all of his voyages were a great contribution in knowledge of localities. He discovered many small islands; his contribution in calculating the longitude of an area helped a lot to the navigators of all times. It is because he was a good navigator and he measured the distance between two point areas and the lunar distance too, he became able to gather such techniques for finding the longitude. His most promising accomplishment was of circumnavigating the world, which was never done before. On the

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Critical Analysis - Essay Example This report compares two journal articles highlighting competitor analysis, identifying the varying approaches to competitor analysis and key findings as to best practice for strategic management through competitor monitoring and assessment. Identifying potential opportunities and threats associated with competitor activities is the fundamental purpose of competitor analysis in order to determine whether the business can maintain a competitive advantage and how best to go about doing this. Bergen & Peteraf (2002) describe the importance of competitor analysis as being a positive motivator to increase managerial awareness of external threats and risks, essentially creating a leader who does not take a rather myopic approach to business strategy. The authors suggests that once the competitor has been identified, it is a primary goal to define the market in which the business thrives and determine whether competitors have an edge in finance, product or marketing and look for avenues by which to close this edge through positive business changes. Through this method of competitor analysis, the business understands the overall relevance of competitive activities and prevents the company from being blindsided by surprise moves in similar market environments. The authors propose a detailed, two step framework in competitor analysis in which the most important element is recognizing the level of threat stemming from each competitive entity. For instance, indirect competition is measured along with potential competition and direct competition (Bergen & Peteraf). By identifying competition in this fashion, business leadership creates a company profile based on the level of threat that each competitor maintains in any given business situation. This profile is then compared to long-term company strategy to determine which, if any, internal or external company resources should be allocated to

Partnership in Health and Social Care

Partnership in Health and Social Care LO3 3.1 Evaluate possible outcomes of partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations. In all partnerships working for users of services, professionals and organisations, outcomes are positive and negative. Positive outcomes: Partnership can result to situation where in committed employees will deliver improved services to the services users which will consequently improve their wellbeing. Positive outcomes are to improve services, empowerment, autonomy and informed decision making.   For a positive partnership working, the service users will achieve the benefits of the partnership philosophies. Empowerment in health and social care means to authorize or enable the staff, the caretakers and the people who are being taken care of. This ensure that everyone has the freedom to make their own choices depending on what works best for them. Good partnership relationship between various health and social care organisations will promote empowerment and independence in service users. Respect, we are sure that the patients and staff doesnt lose their individuality and are given the proper attention required by them. Independence ensure that everyone has the independence to choose whatever they feel best suits for them. They are allowed to take decisions hence helping the management to come up with a plan which suits every individual. Negative outcomes for service users such as abuse, neglect, anger, miscommunication. Communication is the key while collaborating and it is the way to deal with services users. It is important to use the right communication skills when working in partnership with other organisations. Positive outcomes for professionals it will lead to a well-coordinated services provision. The positive working partnership between professionals has an impact on the organizations as all care professionals working together belong to different organizations, therefore the effective partnership creates an integrated service, allow staff to have a common approach, the same vision, shared provision and coherent working practices. 3.2   Analyse the potential barriers to partnership working in health and social care services. Working in collaboration with other organizations is not an easy venture because it comes with different challenges. The potential barriers to working partnership in health and social care services can be noticed at different levels. For example, where in the organisation there is a culture of top-down management style rather than an open collaborative inter-professional with a focus on person centred approach. There is also a lack of competence, knowledge and skills between workers (unqualified social workers accomplishing the task of a qualified social worker) and lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities. Power imbalances exist between the professions with each believing that working partnership will diminish their profession in some way or that they are more important than other therefore should be in charge or not want to share information to other. Different practices and policies leading to different priorities, attitudes and values, lack of training among partners on important issues. Funding can also be a barrier for working partnership. An organisation may have more funding than other and believe that merging with other can impact on the way its budget is spent. The role of voluntary organizations and service users is often unclear. They feel like their need is taken into consideration and are not seen as partners. Barriers in working partnership are very common in health and social leading to tragic consequences and exposing more and more vulnerable people to abuse and neglect. 3.3 Devices strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services. Different practices and policies leading to different priorities, attitudes and values, lack of training among partners on important issues. Funding can also be a barrier for working partnership. An organisation may have more funding than other and believe that merging with other can impact on the way its budget is spent. The role of voluntary organizations and service users is often unclear. They feel like their need is taken into consideration and are not seen as partners. Barriers in working partnership are very common in health and social leading to tragic consequences and exposing more and more vulnerable people to abuse and neglect. Empowerment. As health and social care professional empowering the service is very essential to us. He makes the service users feel respected, involved in his care and a better partner in the working partnership process. Put the service user at the centre of what we do. Training is essential because it increases knowledge, define roles and responsibilities and unified working strategies. Following of different legislations covering the health and social care services.

Where Are You Going, Where have you been? Essay -- essays research pap

Connie’s Decision   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nobody really knows what the future holds. We all live day by day wondering what God’s will is for our lives. Yet we carry on and make decisions that may or may not shape what our lives turn out to be. In Joyce Carol Oates’s â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?,† we meet Connie, a fifteen year old beautiful girl. Connie like most teenagers is a little boy crazy and at times rebellious. She and some girlfriends would get together and go to a local drive-in restaurant where older kids would hang out. (153) One night at this drive-in a boy with shaggy black hair, in a convertible caught Connie’s eye. (154) Connie had never seen him before. He made the sly statement of â€Å"Gonna get you, baby,† and she just ignored him and walked on. (154) Little did Connie know he was speaking the truth. In a very short period of time Connie was about to make the biggest decision of her life, literally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Connie was at home alone one day sitting in her room listening to music. Her mother, father and sister were out to a barbeque. An unfamiliar car pulled up in the driveway and Connie at first was worried about how she looked. This was the least of her troubles. When Connie got to the front door she was faced with two men. The driver whom we come to know as Arnold Friend and the passenger whose name was Ellie Oscar. Arnold comes off at first as kind of strange yet nice. He asks Connie, â€Å"You wanta come for a ride?† (...

Compare Two Research Articles: Philosophical, Ethical, And Methodological

Introduction This paper will compare the major characteristics of two research articles – which are different in philosophical and methodological approaches but are both related to the service of school social workers – and attempt to show the differences and similarities in ontology, epistemology, ethics, methodology and the methods of both pieces of research. The first research piece is a paper called â€Å"Managing school social work records† published in 2012 in which Garrett examines the results of a survey on the record keeping practices of 73 school social workers. This sample of school social workers belonged to the School Social Workers’ Association of America (SSWAA). Based on the quantitative research and survey method, the researcher explored three relevant issues for school social workers, these were: practical issues, ethical issues and legal mandates. The purpose of Garrett’s research was to increase the school social workers practice of record keeping, improve their decision making skills, and to help them choose suitable information to include in workers’ records. Garrett’s article found that about 50% of all social workers were unfamiliar with record keeping policy and most of the respondents had a poor understanding about what they should record. It also found that they struggled to find appropriate ways to achieve goals or to overcome bad situations. The results of this research were then used to give the recommendation that school social workers needed more aid in their daily record keeping. It was explained that professional organizations have to train the social workers by offering workshops or classes that will teach them what information should be included or excluded, and the ethical and the legal policies that or importance to this recording. The second research article that will be used for this essay is called â€Å"Empowering school social work practices for positive youth development,† which is qualitative research carried out by To in 2006 in Hong Kong, China. To’s study investigates the way in which school social workers engage with 3 major dimensions of empowerment: the personal dimension; the school and community dimensions; and lastly, the institutional dimension. The sample used in To’s research consisted of 15 social workers, 10 of which were female and 5 being male. All of these had wide service experience in the schools and most of them had Master’s degrees. The purpose of this study was to explore the way in which school social workers dealt with different situations and how they influenced youth development by using diverse strategies with the students, and within the school, community and the relevant sectors of education. This was largely with the view of encouraging students t o participate in volunteer works. The findings of To’s research indicated that, in the school setting, the research participants played an active role in achieving empowerment. The relevant results provided insightful information for all other social workers who contribute services in the schools. Philosophical During undertaking social research, it is important to consider matters of both philosophical approaches, such as ontology and epistemology, and different research paradigms. These can affect the research technique and direction as it is launched from design through to its conclusion (Flowers, 2009). Hatch and Cunliffe (2006) draw attention to the fact that different paradigms â€Å"encourage researchers to study phenomena in different ways.† The two chosen pieces of research are related with different research paradigms – one of which is related with positivist and the other with interpretivist. Positivist is based on â€Å"values of reason, truth and validity and there is a focus purely on facts, gathered through direct observation and experiences and measured empirically using quantitative methods, surveys and experiments and statistical analysis† (Flowers, 2009). In addition to this, this paradigm is aligned with deductive or theory testing. However, in the case of interpretive it is argued that individuals and groups have an important role within situations that are based on their individual experience and expectations (Flowers, 2009). Interpretive consider that there is no single reality but that there are multiple realities. This paradigm is more aligned with inductive or theory building.OntologyBlaikie (1993) defined ontology as â€Å"the science or study of being† and adopts this definition f or social science, explaining that what exist is either an objective single reality (objectivism) or it is not single reality, only a subjective reality (subjectivism). The ontological approaches behind the two researches seem entirely different. With regard to Garrett’s focus on statistical data, it can be considered that Garrett believes that there is an objective reality that allows for measurement. Ontological objective result means that it does not depend on the researcher. This is because the research only described numerical results which were received from the sample of respondents who completed the survey. This language is defined as representative of the reality. On the other hand, To’s study, which used qualitative research, can be seen to focus on a subjective reality where the researcher interpreted narrative data that was derived from a semi-structured interview.EpistemologyEpistemology is â€Å"the theory or science of the method or ground of knowledge† and explains that what exists â€Å"may be known†, what â€Å"can be known† and what criteria must be satisfied in order to be described as â€Å"knowledge† (Flowers, 2009). In addition to this, Chia (2002) describes epi stemology as â€Å"how and what it is possible to know†, while Hatch & Cunliffe (2006) characterise epistemology as â€Å"knowing how you can know†. Flowers (2009) discusses that, as with ontology, both objective epistemology and subjective epistemology views can exist. Eriksson and Kovalainen (2008) describe the way in which a world can exist in view of an objective epistemology, as long as this is apparent and theory neutral; while, with a view of a subjective epistemology, no existence is possible to the apparent world beyond our subjective observations and interpretations. The two articles display a difference in their epistemological approaches. In the quantitative study, the researcher only described the results in relation to a paradigm of positivism; however, the role of the researcher is not important in influencing the data of the research. On the other hand, regarding to interpretivist epistemology, the researcher gives a weight role which influences the research and the understanding of the situations from the researcher’s point of view. Ethical Issue Ethics is one of the essential aspects in many sciences, especially in social sciences. May (2011) defines ethics as â€Å"concerned with the attempt to formulate codes and principles of moral behaviour.† All social researchers should pay attention to the social research ethics. Punch (2005) believes that all social researches should include ethical issues because social researchers deal with societies and people’s daily lives; fundamentally, all data derives from people. Therefore, it is not easy to avoid ethical issues in both qualitative and quantitative approaches, especially qualitative approaches. Punch (2005) also highlights the way in which the qualitative method approach is more likely to study ethical issues as qualitative research focuses on the more sensitive issues in peoples’ lives. To’s study (2006) asked questions about the personal lives of the respondents; for this reason he used a numerical code instead of actual names to give them independence and to make them feel more comfortable. However, To did mention the name of students who played roles in the social workers’ stories. Therefore, it can be argued that, on the one hand, that To mentioned a student’s name to try and show the school social worker’s achievements, in order to have positive effect on other social workers and encourage them to do the same. On the other hand, however, this could produce ethical issues for the researcher and the school social workers because they mentioned other people’s real names, when they could have used codes or false names. In the case of Garrett’s study, which used Survey Monkey as method for collecting data, he does not mention anything ethically relevant to the respondent. However, this website has some ethical issues; for ex ample, regarding to questions design, the respondents should answer all questions before the survey can be submitted which means there is no right to avoid answering some questions (Buchanan and Hvizdak, 2009). During the period of research, it is important for the researchers to make ethical decisions and consider what is to benefit the respondents or their research process. Furthermore, they have to assess themselves by asking a number of ethical questions (May, 2011). The articles of this essay are about school social work, so all behaviours and relevant ethics are necessary for the researchers and social workers to consider. Methodological Both articles have contrasting methodological approaches which are representative of their philosophical positions (ontology, epistemology). This part will attempt to compare both research methods – one of which is a quantitative method approach and the other is a qualitative method approach – and highlights the differences of the samples, data collections, data analysis and research findings. The two chosen pieces of research use different methods for data collection: one used Survey Monkey and the other used a semi-structured interview. The Quantitative research survey method is defined by Burton (2012) as â€Å"a techniques that uses a wide range quantitative research provides valuable figures based on a large number of population that can be incredibly useful and reliable because statistic and numeric data give certain validity to the research.† A Semi-structured interview is one of the types of interviews whereby the participants have more freedom and allows them to answer questions on their own terms, although it is still arranged and questions are specified (May, 1997). However, the strategy of choosing the samples for both methods is different. Regarding the question of the samples, there are great differences that can be seen. In Garrett’s study the sample composed a small list of members of the School Social Workers’ Association of America (SSWAA). They derived this list from 24 respondents from the United States of America and Canada, who were acceptable to represent the SSWAA. The researcher divided the list into even and odd members and randomly chose one of them to survey. Then the selected group participated in the survey after receiving an email that invited them to participate and explained the purpose of the survey. In total, 245 workers were invited to participate in the survey. Some of the emails were undeliverable and some other members were not completed which meant only 73 respondents completed the survey. This number is about 30% of the potential sample (Garrett, 2012). On the other hand, the samples of To’s research participants were derived from 13 various organizations of welfare in H ong Kong. There were different genders involved, 10 female and 5 male, with an average age between 30-39 years old; only 3 of the participants were in their twenties and 1 was in their forties. On average they had about 7 years’ experience as school social workers, while most of sample had a Master’s degrees (To, 2006). With respect to data collection, during the period of March to June 2005, To’s research (2006) was carried out and the method for data collection was one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Each interview was divided into parts and each part was 1.5 hour. In To’s research the first part of the interview targeted the micro- and meso-sphere services of school social work, meanwhile the second part of the interview targeted the macro-sphere. Furthermore there were some questions about participant’s own stories and their services which were offered in their daily practices. However, in Garrett’s study the quantitative research was undertaken in February of 2009 using Survey Monkey, which is one of the most common websites used for creating surveys. The questionnaire consisted 25 short-answer questions that focused on â€Å"the types of records kept, what was included, decision-making practices, use of the records, challenges, storage, disposal of closed recor ds, access to records, and district policies† (Garrett, 2012). However, the research had one qualitative question which was an open question that focused on the most challenging aspect of keeping records (Garrett, 2012). In the case of data analysis of Garrett’s research (2012), all 25 quantitative questions were analysed after downloaded into MINITAB 15. On the other hand, in the case of the qualitative question, this was analysed after being transcribed into word processing documents where it was defined and themes were â€Å"coded, counted and summarized† (Garrett, 2012). In spite of To’s Hong Kong’s research, the researcher processed the data analysis, step-by-step after transcribing the narratives. At the beginning of this process, To read the transcripts twice to find â€Å"meaningful units†, and then converted these units to codes and began an improvement level of data analysis. Next, To found that various stages of meaning were produced and arranged these as sub-themes. Finally, the researched sorted out similar sub-themes to the main themes of his study. Relevant with the findings of To’s research, it was mentioned that together, the narratives showed a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional empowering practices of social workers in schools. To believed that these results would help other practitioners to deal with issues of empowerment. However, in Garrett’s study the more significant findings are that more than half of the participants could not successfully record assessment information and more than 75% of participants could not make decisions about closing a case. Therefore, the results of Garrett’s study should be organized with caution because there was a small size of respondents in relation to all the members of the SSWAA. In conclusion, this essay has tried to compare two social research articles which had similar topics but completely different philosophical, ethical and methodological perspectives. One of these studies used a quantitative research approach and the other a qualitative. Each study was they carried out in different places, America and China respectively, and in different period times. Garrett’s 2012 article focuses on the positivism paradigm, which tried to find out about the knowledge gap about practices of record keeping by school social workers. The data in Garrett’s study was collected using Survey Monkey, and the numerical data was analysed. To’s 2006 research was based on a different reality and tried to investigate the role of school social workers in influence youth development and encouraging students to volunteer. The study used a semi-structured interview to collect data. The results showed that they had a live role in achieving empowerment. It can be s een, therefore, that it is significant for all social researchers to concern their philosophical, ethical and methodological positions when undertaking research. References Blaikie, N. (1993) Approaches to social enquiry polity press, Cambridge uk. Buchanan, A. & Hvizdak, E. (2009) â€Å"Online survey tools: ethical and methodological concerns of human research ethics committees†, in Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: an international journal, 4: 37-48. Chia, R. (2002) â€Å"The production of management knowledge: philosophical underpinnings of research design†, in Essential skills for management research, sage, London: 1-18. Eriksson, P. & Kovalainen, A. (2008) Qualitative methods in business research, Sage. Flowers, P. (2009) â€Å"Research philosophies–importance and relevance† in Economic record, 3. Garrett, K. (2012) â€Å"Managing school social work records†, in Children & schools, 34: 239-248. Hatch, M. J. & Cunliffe, A. (2006) Organization theory, Oxford university press: Buckingham. May, T. (1997) Social research: issues, methods and process, Open university press: Buckingham. May, T. (2011) Social research: issues, methods and research, Mcgraw-Hill International. Punch, K. F. (2005) Introduction to social research: quantitative and qualitative approaches, Sage. To, S. M. (2006), â€Å"Empowering school social work practices for positive youth development: hong kong experience†, in Adolescence, 42: 555-567.

Plot Summary: Volpone, by Ben Jonson Essay

Ben Johnson was an Elizabethan English poet, dramatist and actor. A peer of William Shakespeare, Johnson was born in 1572 and died 65 years later. He was a man of extraordinary literary talents and despite the fact that he didn’t go to university he was acknowledged as one of the most learned men of his day. He was friends with many of the other well known Elizabethan writers like Bacon, Shakespeare and Donne; in fact, Shakespeare even acted in the 1616 production of Johnson’s play ‘Every Man in His Humour’. Johnson is best known for his poems and satirical plays, of which the 1606 ‘Volpone’ is considered to be one of his best examples; it is a comedy/satire about avarice and lust The play takes place over 24 hours in seventeenth-century Venice, and opens at the home of a nobleman from the city – Volpone (the ‘fox’). Seemingly, this nobleman is actually a con artist who has gained his impressive wealth through deception and other dishonest ways. As the play starts, Volpone is with his servant Mosca entering the shrine where Volpone keeps all his wealth and treasures. The reader learns that Volpone is about to deceive yet more people as he tries to trick his alleged friends – Voltore (the ‘vulture’), Corbaccio (the ‘raven’) and Corvino (the ‘crow’) – into believing that each is Volpone’s heir and that he is actually on his deathbed. What these three men do not know is that Volpone is in perfect health and feigning his illness to receive expensive â€Å"get well† gifts from these fortune hunters. Mosca, Volpone’s â€Å"parasite† tells each of the men individually that they are heir to Volpone’s fortune so that they will return with yet more gifts. Voltore, who is a lawyer by trade, offers the ‘dying’ man a gift an expensive platter, the old gentleman. Corbaccio is talked into disinheriting his son Bonario by Volpone and Mosca in favour of Volpone; Corbaccio thinking that Volpone is dying is not concerned about this. This leaves the third man – Corvino, a penny-pinching merchant with a beautiful young wife, Celia, whom he guards closely; however despite him being such a jealous husband his greed lead him to proffer Celia to Volpone to take to his bed and to be a comfort to him as he lies dying. When Volpone attempts to force himself on Corvino’s young wife, he is interrupted by the appearance of Corbaccio’s son, Bonario. Celia and Bonario, but the three fortune hunters (scared of Volpone losing his wealth which they each think will soon be theirs take out counter-charges against the young couple of adultery and fornication. Volpone loves the chaos that he has caused and so decides to make more sport for himself by staging his own death and leaving everything to Mosca, just so that he is able to witness the mayhem that will occur. Mosca, however, as he prepares for a large and expensive ‘funeral’ for his ‘late’ employer, has less and less to do with Volpone. Mosca also is suddenly elevated from his lowly position to a man of wealth, an eligible bachelor As Volpone watches the changes in his old servant, he decides to ‘come clean’ and expose his own guilt as well as that of everyone else in the matter servant. When the truth is learned, the judges take away all of Volpone’s wealth and give it to charity; the lawyer Voltore is barred from court, all of Corbaccio’s fortune is given to his son, Corvino is paraded through Venice and derided, Celia is returned to her family taking with her three times the amount of dowry that she took to her husband and Mosca is sentenced to a life in the galleys for masquerading as a man of substance.